Histologic and Histomorphometric Evaluation of the Effects of Particle Size and Different Types of Allografts on Bone Regeneration in a Rat Calvarium Model

Authors
Niloufar Golafshan
Mohammad Mohammadi
Mohadeseh Arab Solghar
Mahsa Kalantari
Sina Kakooei
Sajjad Farrokhi
10.61186/ibj.25th-11th-IACRTIMSS
Abstract
Introduction: Many studies have explored the influence of allograft size and type, but their findings require clarification. This study aimed to conduct a comparative histological and histomorphometric evaluation of the effect of allograft type and particle size differences on bone regeneration in a rat model, an area that has not been addressed in previous research.

Methods and Materials: Seventy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups: (1) no material, (2) 150–500 µm of freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA), (3) 150–1000 µm of FDBA, (4) 1000–2000 µm of FDBA, (5) allograft cancellous bone block, (6) putty form allograft, and (7) particulate autogenous bone. A full-thickness flap was created, and a 7-mm defect was prepared. After filling the defects, the rats were monitored in separate cages. Light microscopy histological evaluation was carried out in the eighth week.

Results: Based on the findings, autogenous group exhibited the highest average in bone formation (p = 0.05). The FDBA (1000-2000 µm and 150-1000 µm) groups also displayed higher new bone formation averages than the other allograft groups (p = 0.05). The block and FDBA (1000-2000 µm) groups had the highest residual bone average (p = 0.05). The control group demonstrated the highest connective tissue average (p = 0.05).

Conclusion and Discussion: This study highlights the substantial impact of allograft type and particle size on bone regeneration. The autogenous bone graft consistently demonstrated the highest levels of new bone formation, indicating its superior performance within our experimental framework.



Keywords
Allografts
Bone regeneration
Dental implants