en Tissue Engineering and Cell Biology Tissue Engineering and Cell Biology سیتماتیک ریویو Systematic Review <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%">Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive disorder with high morbimortality and limited treatment options. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapy because of their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. This systematic review evaluates the therapeutic potential of MSC therapy for CKD by searching databases PubMed, Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus from January 2000 to May 2026 using keywords &ldquo;mesenchymal stem cells,&rdquo; &ldquo;cell therapy,&rdquo; and &ldquo;renal failure&rdquo;. Among 1,525 identified studies, 19 met the inclusion criteria, covering preclinical and clinical investigations. Findings indicated contribution of MSC therapy to renal tissue repair, immunomodulation, and functional recovery, with some studies reporting improvements in glomerular filtration rate, reduced proteinuria, and histological recovery of kidney tissue. While the short-term safety profiles were favorable, the long-term efficacy and optimal administration protocols remain uncertain. Further high-quality clinical trials are needed to establish standardized treatment protocols and validate long-term benefits.</span></span></span></div> Chronic kidney disease, Mesenchymal stem cells, Renal insufficiency 212 224 http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-6346-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Somayeh Khatami Khatami.s.83@gmail.com 0000-0001-6992-2941 No Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Somayeh Ghavidel Yazdi somayeghavidel64@gmail.com 0009-0003-9234-2250 No Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Fatemeh Forouzanfar forouzanfarff@gmail.com 0000-0003-0023-6470 No Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Omid Bakhshian bakhshianomid47@gmail.com 0009-0009-2463-3519 No Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Parnian Eghbali 0009-0006-0455-511X No Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Ehsan Saburi sabourie@mums.ac.ir 0000-0002-1679-1068 Yes Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran